There is currently a known issue with the most recent iteration of the EVE Online Installer, which does not install the launcher during client installation. We are currently working on a fix for this, and expect to have a new installer ready on Monday December 30, 2013.
Until this is resolved, a workaround is available. Please run the EVE Online Repair Tool (repair.exe) located in your EVE Online installation folder. This will repair your EVE Online installation and ensure that the launcher is present and correct.
If you have any further issues in the meantime, please file a support ticket, and our Customer Support staff will be more than happy to assist.
We apologize for any inconveniece this issue may cause, and hope to have it rectified on Monday.